ABSTRACT
Thyroid carcinoma is one of the leading malignancies in Thailand increasingly prevalent in the female population. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is a widely used diagnostic tool for evaluation of thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer. Thyroid FNA is a routine procedure universally performed in Thai hospitals by a variety of clinical specialists. Manual guidance is the first-line choice complemented by ultrasound assistance in selected cases. Despite national guidelines recommendations, the diagnostic criteria and terminology of the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) was slowly adopted in the local settings. Currently, the Bethesda system is actively promoted by the local professional societies as a uniform reporting system. Experience with thyroid FNA has been rarely reported to date—only a handful of publications are available in local journals. Our review, in addition to presenting various aspects of thyroid FNA in Thailand, established for the first time national references for a certain statistical outputs of TBSRTC based on the original multi-institutional cohort. The risk of malignancy in 2,017 operated thyroid nodules collected from three tertiary thyroid cancer centers was 21.7%, 14.7%, 35.9%, 44.4%, 76.7%, and 92.6% for categories I to VI, respectively. The malignancy risk in several diagnostic categories (II to IV) was higher than the risk estimated by TBSRTC and recent meta-analysis studies. We endorse the use of uniform terminology of the Bethesda system in Thailand, which will help facilitate communication among diverse medical professionals involved in the management of patients with thyroid nodules, to share local experience with the international audience.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Asian People , Biopsy, Fine-Needle , Clothing , Cohort Studies , Complement System Proteins , Hand , Specialization , Thailand , Thyroid Gland , Thyroid Neoplasms , Thyroid Nodule , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
Background : Hemangiopericytoma is the one type of soft tissue sarcomas. This is very rare and uncommon type of tumor. So The surgeon and another doctor should be reminded to keep in mind.Objective : To report a case of metastastic hemangiopericytoma metastasized from the right inguinal region to the liver in 12 years.Design : Retrospective study by review of 170,000 cases medical records and pathological study.Setting : Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen province.Result : We reported a case of a 68-year old female who was initially diagnosed with hemangioperocytoma of soft tissue at her right inguinal region which was surgically excised. However twelve years later in July 2003, a tumor mass was discovered in her liver which the histology is characterized mostly similar to the earlier right inguinal tumor. Thus we diagnosed the patient with metastatic hemangiopericytoma in the liver. Two years after the removal of the tumor, she has no evidence of the other metastasis or recurrence. Twenty two cases of extracranial metastasis of hemangiopericytomatous meningioma to the liver, lung, kidney, and stomach have been reported in the literature, but hepatic resections of this metastasizing tumor have been very rare.Conclusion : We reported the very rare case of histopathologically – proven metastasized hemangiopericytoma from the right inguinal region to the liver.Key words : Hemangiopericytoma ; Hepatic metastasis ; Spindle cell tumor ; Liver tumor. liver
ABSTRACT
Background: The most effective treatment for breast cancer cases is based on an abnormal oncogene of the cancer cell and the finding of protein expression. The prognostic factor depends on hormonal receptors status and biological characteristics such as histological grading, tumor size or nodal metastasis.Objective: To study prognostic factors including estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status in Northeastern Thai female breast cancer. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review was performed on 294 patients who have been diagnosed with breast cancer by hormonal study at department of Pathology, Khon Kaen University (Srinagarind hospital) during January 2004 – June 2006.Result: The mean and median ages were 52.21 year and 53 year, respectively. The 89.83 % of the patients were invasive ductal carcinoma and 50.93 % in histological grading II. The ER+, PR+ and HER2 positive were 53.1 %, 42.26 % and 27.15 %, respectively. The proportion of ER+PR+, ER+PR-, ER-PR+, ER-PR- and HER2 were 4.7, 20.5, 29.4 and 44.2 % , respectively.Conclusion: The present study showed that the highest chance to get HER2 positive was when both ER and PR were negative.Key words: Breast Cancer, Estrogen Receptor, Progesterone Receptor, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2
ABSTRACT
Objective: The study aimed to find the best antigen retrieval buffer and heat source for the immunohistochemical staining of various kinds of antibodies in our laboratory.Materials and methods: We designed the method to evaluate the efficacy of three different retrieval solutions including 10mM Tris-HCl + 1mM EDTA, pH 9, 0.05%citraconic anhydride solution pH 7.4 and 10 mM citrate buffer pH 6, and 3 heat source pretreatment methods (Microwave, pressure cooker and water bath treatment)to retrieve twenty-one immunoreactivity in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections.Results: We found that, modified retrieval solution, 10mM Tris-HCl + 1mM EDTA buffer, pH 9 is the most efficient for a large variety of antibodies and not depending on heat sources. On the other hand, 0.05% citraconic anhydride solution and 10mM citrate buffer are moderate and poor retrieval solutions, respectively. Moreover, these two solutions are heat source-dependent.Conclusion: These results demonstrate that 10mM Tris-HCl + 1mM EDTA, pH 9 and heat-pretreatment is useful for the immunohistochemistry of many antigens in aldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. Keywords: antigen retrieval, immunohistochemistry, citraconic anhydride, formaldehyde